security provided for in Articles 6 of the African Charter, 9 (1) of the ICCPR and 3 and 9 of the UDHR. 2 - Violation of Article 7 of the African Charter on Human Rights, Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by violating the Applicant's right to the presumption of innocence: 148. The element of the right to a fair trial, invoked in the instant case, is the right to the presumption of innocence. 149. In support of the violation of this right, the Applicant submits that the State of Niger has incorporated this right to presumption of innocence into its Constitution in Article 20; That all applications for the Applicant's provisional release have been dismissed; That no matter how serious the facts alleged against the Applicant may be, he is presumed innocent until he is convicted by means of a sentence in accordance with Article 20 of the Constitution of the Republic of Niger; that the Applicant first appealed to the investigating judge who dismissed his application for provisional release; he submitted an application for release on 5 November 2019 to the Control Chamber in matters of counter-terrorism of the Niamey Court of Appeal (Exhibit No. 2); that the said application remained unanswered; he wrote to the Minister of Justice by correspondence through his lawyer on 23 December 2019; the Minister never responded, despite the Applicant only seeking to be tried. (Exhibit 3) 150. On its turn, the Defendant submits that there is no violation of the presumption of innocence, since the ongoing investigation aims precisely at establishing his innocence or guilt in relation to the facts of which he is accused of; that in the first place, the almost simultaneous attacks in Agadez and Arlit gave rise to a complex and tedious procedure, given the number of dead and civilians wounded reaching into the hundreds; the investigations 29