2003. However, due to a lack of financial resources, work was suspended in 2007 when only 5% of
the dam construction works had been undertaken. There is therefore a need to undertake an
appraisal of the current status and update costs and re‐tender, or resume construction works once
sufficient funds have been secured to complete all works. US$2 million is required to carry out the
appraisal, source financing and resume work. This should commence in 2012 and be concluded in
2013. Implementation and construction of the associated project components would start in 2014
and will be completed by 2020.
The estimated total project costs are US$600 million. The project can be considered to be in Phase 5
of the ICA Project Development Phases. Possible project financiers are World Bank, DBSA, Chinese
banks and the AfDB.
The major project challenges are the conclusion of cost reflective water tariffs for both domestic and
irrigation water from the scheme, the high energy costs related with the pumping requirements of
the scheme and the current power shortages with the associated load shedding being experienced in
Zimbabwe and the SADC region in general.
Improved Agricultural Water Application Efficiencies for Small‐scale Farmers (Project GP‐7)
The overall objective of the project is to enhance the productivity of crops, reduce water losses and
increase the efficiency and productivity of existing small‐scale irrigation and rain‐fed systems. This
will result in improved income generation in small‐scale farming enterprises. This can be achieved
through the introduction of improved and more efficient irrigation systems like gravity‐fed drip
irrigation and fertigation technologies. Food crop production in the SADC region is dominated by
small‐scale farming. With the projected reduced rainfall over the SADC region due to global warming,
the introduction of improved and more efficient irrigation systems for small‐scale and rural
communities is of paramount importance. One of the main constraints for increasing food crop
production is the availability of irrigation facilities at all farming scales. It is important that there is a
significant increase in food and agricultural production in a competitive and sustainable manner, in
order to eradicate poverty and improve the livelihoods of the majority of the SADC citizens. This can
be achieved through innovative production methods and novel products development, while
opening access to new markets. Among the activities of the project, should be the emphasis on the
production of high value crops along with the development of new large‐ and small‐scale irrigation
facilities, and improving the efficient utilisation of water resources through sensitisation of irrigation
developers and planters on efficient irrigation techniques, and strengthening the institutional set‐up
to oversee and promote efficient irrigation development.
Various types of irrigation systems are presently being used in the SADC region. The most common
ones used for the irrigation of vegetables, fruit and flower crops are flood irrigation, drag line
irrigation, mini‐/micro‐sprinkler irrigation and portable/semi‐portable sprinkler irrigation systems.
Due to the imminent scarcity of water resources, there is a need to shift towards the drip irrigation
system. Apart from increasing water use efficiency, drip irrigation enables fertigation, which
contributes towards a higher crop yield of around 40‐50 %, compared to crops that are not
fertigated. The gravity‐fed drip irrigation system is also gaining popularity among farmers due to its
simplicity and low cost, where no pumping is required while enabling fertigation. Drip irrigation,
coupled with fertigation, favours the intensive cultivation of vegetable, fruit and flower crops, both in
the open field and in greenhouses. This technology enhances agricultural production in terms of
quantity and quality, and contributes to the sustainable production of crops. With global warming
leading to the erratic green and blue water supply, farmers will have no means but to optimise
irrigation water and fertiliser use through drip fertigation, while improving food and flower crop
production.
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