Lack of clear strategies for implementation of priority projects through well prepared
infrastructure development master plans;
Water sector infrastructure developmental projects are becoming more expensive and
technically more challenging to conceive and implement, as the cheaper and less technically
challenging projects have been implemented over the years;
Environmental concerns and issues are now better understood than in the past and this has
reduced the number of technically viable and cheaper water sector infrastructure projects or
have made those that pass the EIAs more expensive to implement due to the mitigatory
measures required;
Legacies of previous bi‐national projects, such as the Kariba Dam, have continued to frustrate
some new bi‐national water infrastructure projects;
The socio‐economic conditions of the SADC Member States vary considerably, and
implementing joint water projects in such an environment is a challenge; and
The processes for large dam infrastructure development, advocated by the World Commission
on Dams and other anti‐dam development campaigns, have slowed down the pace of large
water infrastructure development.
Table 2.1: The Water Sector Legal and Policy Reforms/RBOs in the SADC Member States
COUNTRY
MAIN WATER SECTOR LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND
POLICIES
Angola
1. Environment Act (1998)
2. Water Act (2002)
3. National Water Resources Management Policy
(2003)
Botswana
1. Boreholes Act (1956)
2. Water Act (1968)
3. Water Utilities Corporation Act (1970)
4. Public Health Act (1981)
5. National Water Conservation Policy (2004)
6. Environmental Impact Act as amended (2011)
7. National Water Master Plan Review (2006)
8. Water Management Act (Ch. 65: 06)
9. Water Works Act (Ch. 34: 03)
10. National Water Policy (Drafting in progress)
DRC
1. A draft Water Code (legislation) exists, but
there is no overall national strategy guiding the
sector
2. National Policy for Water Resources
Management (1998)
Lesotho
1. Water Resources Act (1978)
2. Water Resources Management Policy (1999)
3. Water and Sanitation Policy (2007)
4. Water Act (2008)
Malawi
1. Water Resources Act (1969)
2. Water Works Act (1995)
3. Environmental Management Act (1996)
4. Irrigation Act (2001)
5. Public Health Act (2004)
6. National Water Policy (2005)
Mauritius
1. Central Water Authority Act (2000)
2. Water Management Authority Act (2000)
3. Irrigation Act (1979)
4. Ground Water Act (1970)
5. Environmental Protection Act (2002)
Mozambique 1. Water Act (1919)
2. Water Act (1991), repealing the 1919 Water Act
3. Water Tariff Policy (1998)
SHARED WATERCOURSES/INSTITUTIONS
1.
2
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Cunene/Permanent
Joint
Commission
Okavango/OKACOM
Zambezi/ZAMCOM
Okavango/OKACOM
Zambezi/ZAMCOM
Orange‐Senqu/ORASECOM
Limpopo/LIMCOM
Technical
3.
Congo/CICOS
Lake Tanganyika/Convention for Management
of Lake Tanganyika (CMLT)
Nile/NBI
1.
Orange‐Senqu/ORASECOM
1.
2.
Zambezi/ZAMCOM
Songwe/Malawi‐Tanzania
Committee
Joint
Technical
1.
2.
3.
Zambezi/ZAMCOM
Zambezi/ARA Zambezi
Limpopo/LIMCOM
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