Therefore, the African Commission, Finds the Republic of Sudan in violation of Articles 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the African Charter; Requests the government of Sudan to amend its existing laws to provide for de jure protection of the human rights to freedom of expression, assembly, association and movement. rd Taken at the 33 Ordinary Session in Niamey, Niger, May 2003. Footnotes 1. Editor's note: The paragraph referenced here is probably paragraph 31 and not paragraph 37 nd 2. Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa, adopted by the African Commission 32 Ordinary Session October 2002. th th 3. See Resolution on the Freedom of Association, adopted at the 11 Ordinary Session in Tunis from 2 to th 9 March 1992. 4. Lingens v. Austria, Judgment of the Eur. Crt.H.R. Series A. N. 236 (April 1992) and Thorgeirson v. Iceland Judgment of the Eur. Crt.H.R. Series A. N. 239 (June 1992). 5. Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (Articles 13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-5/85, Serie A. N. 5, November 1985 at para. 70 . 6. Compulsory Membership in an Association Prescribed by Law for the Practice of Journalism (Articles 13 and 29 of the American Convention on Human Rights) Advisory Opinion OC-5/85, November 13, 1985, InterAm.Court H.R. Ser.A. N. 5 at para.30. 7. Article 6 of the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders.