“No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation”. The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) provides the most precise and widelycited definition of torture under International law. It defines torture as: “any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted ona person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a conjessian, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.” In the case of Loayza Tamayo V. Peru judgment of September 17, 1997. Series C No. 33, para 57, the Inter-American Court held that: “the violation of the right to physical and psychological integrity of persons is a category of violation that has several gradation and embraces treatment ranging from torture to other types of humiliating or cruel, inhuman or degrading ireatment with varying degrees of physical and psychological effects caused by endogenous and exogenous factors which must be proven in each specific situation. The European Court af Human right has declared that, even in the absence af 56