-33Articles 9 of the Charter and 19 of the Covenant. B. Consideration of possible violation by the Respondent State of its international obligations 124. The Court will rule first on the allegation of violation by Burkinabe laws of the right to freedom of expression in light of Article 9 of the Charter and Article 19 of the Covenant. It will later consider the allegation of violation of the right to freedom of expression by Burkina be Courts in the light of the same provisions. i). Restrictions imposed by Burkinabe laws on freedom of expression 125. The Court will now consider whether restrictions on the freedom of expression imposed by the Respondent State are provided by "law", within international standards, pursue a legitimate objective and are a proportionate means to attain the objective being sought. a. The restriction must be provided by law 126. In the Applicant's view, "the requirement for the restriction of the right to freedom of expression to be provided by law is more important than a mere existence of a law for that purpose in a country's national legislation". He notes that the law "must be clear enough such that individuals can adapt their conduct accordingly". 127. The Respondent State notes that "the provisions of the Penal and Information Codes, relating to freedom of expression and of the press have been drafted virtually in the same words as those of the French Law of 29 July 1881 on press freedom" and that the "European Court of Human Rights has always considered the provisions of the 29 July 1881 Law on press freedom to be accessible and predictable in light of Article 10 (2) of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms". The Respondent State submits that "its 33 /.74

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