GUZZARDI v. ITALY JUDGMENT
19
does not oblige them to specify which Article, paragraph or sub-paragraph
or even which right they are praying in aid.
The Commission has given the above-cited phrase an interpretation
which corresponds to the purpose and object of the Convention: from the
outset it inserted in its Rules of Procedure a clause to the effect that the
application should set out "as far as possible" - this being very flexible
wording - "the provision of the Convention alleged to have been violated"
(Rule 41 par. 1 from 1955 to 1974, subsequently Rule 38 par. 1).
Any greater strictness would lead to unjust consequences; for the vast
majority of "individual" petitions are received from laymen applying to the
Commission without the assistance of a lawyer (see the Ringeisen judgment
of 16 July 1971, Series A no. 13, p. 38, par. 92).
62. The Government did not, moreover, dispute the Commission’s and
the Court’s power, inherent in the nature of their functions, to decide upon
the characterisation in law to be given to a matter (see the König judgment
of 28 June 1978, Series A no. 27, p. 32, par. 96); however, in the
Government’s submission the applicant had not even raised in substance the
issue of an infringement of his physical liberty.
In support of this contention, they referred principally to Mr. Catalano’s
first letter, dated 17 November 1975, and to the application form and
explanatory memorandum of 30 January 1976 (see paragraph 53 above). It
should not be forgotten, however, that the original application sent to the
Commission is often followed by additional documents intended to
complete it by eliminating initial omissions or obscurities (see the abovementioned Ringeisen judgment, pp. 37-38, par. 90). The Court would also
point out that from the start Mr. Catalano described Cala Reale as an
"extremely small area", "guarded by the police" who used to "forbid access
to anybody and everybody", a scrap of land (pezzo or pezzetto di terra)
"inhabited only by habitual criminals and police officers"; his client, he
added, was being subjected there to "the most barbarous imprisonment, the
most degrading and pernicious incarceration" (and a violation of the right to
a proper administration of justice). For the Government, these expressions
were merely "hyperboles and metaphors" employed in a context alien to
Article 5 (art. 5) (see page 18 of the memorial of 8 February 1978), but the
Court considers, as did the Commission, that they amounted to a complaint
of a failure to observe the right guaranteed by Article 5 (art. 5).
63. Furthermore, it is not decisive whether Mr. Guzzardi was
complaining of his living conditions on Asinara rather than of a deprivation
of liberty. It is somewhat unreal to draw such distinction in the present case.
The Commission and the Court have to examine in the light of the
Convention as a whole the situation impugned by an applicant. In the
performance of this task, they are, notably, free to give to the facts of the
case, as found to be established by the material before them (see the Ireland
v. the United Kingdom judgment of 18 January 1978, Series A no. 25, p. 64,