26
M.S.S. v. BELGIUM AND GREECE JUDGMENT
of 6 May 2009, the deadline was twenty-four hours. An application for a
stay of execution under the extremely urgent procedure suspends the
enforcement of the expulsion order.
139. Section 39/82(4) provides for an application for a stay of execution
under the extremely urgent procedure to be examined within forty-eight
hours of its receipt by the Aliens Appeals Board. If the President of the
division or the judge concerned does not give a decision within that time,
the First President or the President must be informed and must ensure that a
decision is taken within seventy-two hours of the application being
received. They may even examine the case and take the decision
themselves.
140. Under the case-law established by the Conseil d’Etat and followed
by the Aliens Appeals Board, deprivation of liberty is enough to establish
the imminent nature of the risk, without a departure having actually been
scheduled.
2. Examination of the merits
141. The Aliens Appeals Board then proceeds to review the lawfulness
of the impugned decision under section 39/2(2) of the Aliens Act, verifying
that the administrative authority’s decision relies on facts contained in the
administrative file, that in the substantive and formal reasons given for its
decision it did not, in its interpretation of the facts, make a manifest error of
appreciation, and that it did not fail to comply with essential procedural
requirements or with statutory formalities required on pain of nullity, or
exceed or abuse its powers (see, for example, Aliens Appeals Board,
judgment no. 14.175 of 31 July 2008).
142. Where the application for a stay of execution is rejected and the
applicant deported, the proceedings on the merits continue. The Aliens
Appeals Board may dismiss appeals against the order to leave the country,
however, on the ground that as the applicants are no longer in the country
they no longer have any interest in challenging that order (judgment
no. 28.233 of 29 May 2009; see also judgment no. 34.177 of 16 November
2009).
3. Case-law of the Aliens Appeals Board in “Dublin” cases
143. The first cases in which asylum-seekers reported difficulties in
accessing the asylum procedure in Greece date back to 2008. In its
judgment no. 9.796 of 10 April 2008, the Aliens Appeals Board stayed the
execution of a “Dublin” transfer to Greece under the extremely urgent
procedure because the Greek authorities had not responded to the request
for them to take charge of the asylum application concerned and the Aliens
Office had not sought individual guarantees. The Aliens Appeals Board
found that a tacit agreement failed to provide sufficient guarantees of