Foreword The Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) were adopted at the Commission’s 60th Ordinary Session held in Niamey, Niger, from 8 to 22 May 2017; further to Resolution 319 (LVII) 2015 which mandated the Study Group on Freedom of Association and Assembly to develop the said guidelines, under the supervision of the Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders in Africa. The guidelines were developed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Charter), which stipulates under Article 45 (1) (b) that the African Commission is mandated “to formulate and lay down, principles and rules aimed at solving legal problems relating to human and peoples’ rights and fundamental freedoms....” Through the African Commission’s constant interpretation of human rights, the guidelines are aimed at crystallising human rights standards, as they continue to evolve, with the understanding that new challenges may emerge in the course of time. As such, the guidelines serve as a starting point, which will be complemented by new standards. The rights to freedom of association and assembly are fundamental rights that should underpin all democratic societies in which individuals can freely express their views on all issues concerning their society. In this respect, the African Commission, through its special mechanism on human rights defenders and its Study Group on Freedom of Association and Assembly, undertook to develop this tool in the form of guidelines on the rights to freedom of association and assembly, to be used by the relevant stakeholders. In addition to the clarifications they provide, the guidelines on the rights to freedom of association and assembly strengthen the obligations set forth in Article 10 of the African Charter on the right to freedom of association and in Article 11 on the right to freedom of assembly. 4 |  African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights