b) regional studies on existing or planned water and/ or energy infrastructure such as dams, large canals, photovoltaic solar fields and wind power generating fields, with the aim of meeting the peak energy demand such as: • • • retrofitting hydro-power generation; using reservoirs as pump storage facilities – especially using renewable energy or excess energy from other power generation sources to do the pumping; and meeting peak demand by taking advantage of regional power connectivity, and the different time zones. e.g. the peak power demand in Tanzania occurring just after 6pm could be easily met by a solar field in Namibia which is 2hrs behind, hence will still be producing solar energy. RE AR D T U W TO REGIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN IV (2016 - 2020) MUNITY SOUTHERN M CO AF T VE N DE LOPM EN CA RI SA C O M MO N FU d) Undertake research and innovations on the three nexuses, including; • • • research to unpack issues and challenges surrounding land utilisation and water in the region (availability, access, utilisation, etc.); research on linkages, opportunities and constraints of implementing the WEF nexus in the region. innovative initiatives on trade-offs between energy, water and/or food to improve optimisation e.g. for water use efficiency, flushing of toilets in planes and high pressure washers in car wash industries use very little water by using more energy to pressurise the systems. For improved energy efficiency, explore the use of wet cooling methodologies in thermal power stations. c) undertake demonstration projects on the three nexuses in collaboration with other SADC Secretariat Directorates (e.g. I&S (Energy and Water) and Food Security (FANR), etc.). A Vehicle to implement the Water Component of the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) 32