II. SUBJECT OF THE APPLICATION A. Facts of the matter 3. The Applicant State alleges that, since November 2021, in the North Kivu region, which is in the east of its territory, a conflict has raged between its forces, Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (hereinafter referred to as “the AFDRC”) and a coalition comprising the March 23 rebel movement and the RDF (hereinafter referred to as the “Armed Coalition”). 4. The Applicant State avers that since 2022, hostilities have intensified due to attacks carried out by the armed coalition against FARDC positions and those of the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission (hereinafter referred to as “the MONUSCO”). It avers that, as at the time of filing this Application, the Armed Coalition had seized several localities in North Kivu province. According to the Applicant State, the atrocities perpetrated by the Armed Coalition have resulted in the death of several people, internal displacement, and the destruction of schools, public infrastructure, and private property. 5. According to the Applicant State, the conflict is a consequence of the “wars of aggression”, firstly waged against it by the Respondent State from 1998 to 2002 and from 2008 to 2009, and secondly, by the Respondent State together with a rebel group called the National Congress for the Defence of the People (hereinafter referred to as “the CNDP”), and finally, by the Armed Coalition from 2012 to 2013. 6. The Applicant State avers, in this regard, that, in the context of the first conflict mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (hereinafter referred to as “the Commission”) found that the Respondent State had violated the provisions of the Charter and recommended adequate reparation for the victims. 3