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ACHPR African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rinhts Human Rights our Collective Responsibility reguliere57. II s'ensuit que si ces trois criteres ne sont pas respectes, la privation de la vie serait arbitraire 121. En ce qui concerne les executions extrajudiciaires, il convient de rappeler que dans l'affaire Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum c. Zimbabwe58, Ia Commission, s'inspirant des principes des Nations unies relatifs a la prevention efficace des executions extrajudiciaires, arbitraires et sommaires et aux moyens d'enqueter efficacement sur ces executions, ainsi que de son manuel, a considere que les executions extrajudiciaires sont celles qui sont effectuees par des agents de l'Etat ou par des tiers en violation du droit a la vie. 122. Pour les raisons susmentionnees, la Commission note que la privation arbitraire de la vie intervient dans le cadre d'une procedure judiciaire inequitable et que !'execution extrajudiciaire a lieu en dehors du cadre d'une procedure judiciaire. Dans les deux cas, il y a privation illegale de la vie en vertu de !'article 4 de la Charte et, par consequent, obligation de prendre les mesures appropriees pour remedier a ladite violation. 123. Dans le cas present, la question est de savoir s'il y a eu une privation du droit a la vie sous la forme d'une execution extrajudiciaire et si des mesures ont ete prises pour que les auteurs repondent de leurs actes et pour que les proches de la victime obtiennent reparation. A cette fin, la Commission examinera (i) si la privation du droit a la vie a ete commise par des agents de l'Etat ou si elle a ete toleree ou consentie par des agents de l'Etat. i) Privation de la vie par des agents de l' Etat 124. La Commission souligne qu'il n'y a aucun doute sur le deces de la victime, car ce fait n'a pas ete conteste par l'Etat defendeur lorsqu'il a presente ses observations sur la recevabilite de la communication. Au contraire, il a reconnu que les enquetes sur les circonstances de la mort de la victime etaient toujours en 57 Raja bu et autres c. Tanzanie (fond et reparations) (2019) 3 AfCLR 539. ° 58 Communication N 245/2002: Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum/Zimbabw 1 79-1 81 . The African Commission 31 Bijilo Annex Phone: (220 a Page 35 of 62

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Communication 474/14 - Family of the late Jean-Claude Ndimumahoro v. Burundi

ACHPR Decision

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Type of Document

Decision

Keywords

Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
Cruel and Degrading Treatment
Extra-Judicial Killings
Freedom from Discrimination
Freedom of Association
Freedom of Expression / Digital Rights
Freedom of Opinion
Functioning and Independence of the Judiciary
Participation in Government
Personal Liberty
Police Brutality and Offences
Right to Fair Trial
Right to Family
Right to Life
Torture and Ill Treatment

Case Head Notes: The first victim had a been a member of the FNL, a rebel movement that had laid down its arms in 2009 and become a political party. In 2011 the FNL was accused of an armed attack in a bar, and, following the incident, the first victim began to subjected to surveillance and began to receive death threats. In June 2012 the first victim attended a meeting with a former FNL member, who had become a police officer and the personal bodyguard of the deputy Police Commissioner of Gitega. Following the meeting, the first victim was never seen again. In July 12, a headless corpse was found, and was identified as the first victim. The complainants state that, according to witnesses, the first victim was taken away in a vehicle belonging to the Administrator of Gitega and, further, a witness testified to having been detained along with the first victim in a cell at the National Intelligence Service (SNR), and stated that they had been subjected to ill-treatment. The Commission found a violation of Article 4 stating that, since the victim was not released before his decapitated body was discovered, the decapitation is attributable to the Respondent State, and that it was an arbitrary, extrajudicial execution. The Commission found a violation of Article 5 stating that the lack of communication with the outside world, humiliating treatment, and decapitation of the first victim indicated the severity of the suffering inflicted. The Commission stated that there is no doubt that the actions were carried out by a state party for a specific purpose and, accordingly, meet the requirements to find that the first victim was tortured. The Commission found a violation of Article 6 stating that, since there is no record of a competent authority ordering his detention, the detention of the first victim took place outside of the legal framework. The Commission found a violation of Article 7 because the first victim was detained without them, or others, knowing their whereabouts and also because the detention took place outside of any criminal proceedings. The Commission found a violation of Articles 9, 10 and 13 because not only did the Respondent State fail to protect the first victim's rights, regarding freedom of opinion, freedom of association and participation in government, the Respondent State allowed its agents to behead the first victim for exercising those rights. Noting that in the past the Commission has found that incommunicado detention alone has constituted a violation of the right to family, the Commission found a violation of Article 18, stating that the Respondent State allowed its agents to execute one of the family's members, and, consequently, violated the victim and the victim's family's Article 18 rights. The Commission found a violation of Article 2, stating that the first victim was treated differently than members of other political parties, particularly members affiliated or associated with the ruling party. They also state that the first victim's detention and beheading were based on the fact the first victim belonged to a different political party, and professed a different ideology, a ground that is expressly prohibited to discriminate against under Article 2. As a consequence of other articles of the Charter being violated, the Commission also found a violation of Article 1. The Commission found no violation of Article 26 because the victim never brought the matter before the Courts. Among other recommendations, the Commission urged the Respondent State to pay reparations to the spouse and family members of the first victim for material and moral damages suffered, to open an independent, impartial, official investigation, to issue a public apology, to publicly condemn the violations, and to report to the Commission on measures taken to implement the recommendations.

Country

Burundi

Outcome: Decided on Merits

Year Decided: Aug 2, 2023

Rights Alleged to be Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 7.1: Right to be Heard
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 1: General Obligations
ACHPR 10: Right to Freedom of Association
ACHPR 10.1: Freedom of association
ACHPR 13: Right to Participate in Government
ACHPR 13.1: Right to participate freely in government
ACHPR 18: Protection of the Family and Vulnerable Groups
ACHPR 18.1: Protection of the family
ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
ACHPR 26 : Duty to Guarantee Independence of Courts
ACHPR 4: Right to Life and Integrity
ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
ACHPR 7.1.a: Right to Sue for Remedy before a Competent Tribunal
ACHPR 9.2: Right to Express and Disseminate Opinions Within the law

Rights Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 7: Right to Fair Trial
ACHPR 9: Right to Receive Information and Free Expression
ACHPR 1: General Obligations
ACHPR 10: Right to Freedom of Association
ACHPR 10.1: Freedom of association
ACHPR 13: Right to Participate in Government
ACHPR 13.1: Right to participate freely in government
ACHPR 18: Protection of the Family and Vulnerable Groups
ACHPR 18.1: Protection of the family
ACHPR 2: Freedom from Discrimination
ACHPR 4: Right to Life and Integrity
ACHPR 5: Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
ACHPR 6 : Right to Personal Liberty and Protection from Arbitrary Arrest
ACHPR 9.2: Right to Express and Disseminate Opinions Within the law

Rights Not Violated (ACHPR Provisions)

ACHPR 26 : Duty to Guarantee Independence of Courts

Duration of Procedure

Jun 9, 2014 ~ Aug 2, 2023

Country Geolocation

Latitude: -3.373056

Longitude: 29.918886

Country Geolocation (linked ACHPR Decision): Burundi

Primary Documents

Family of the late Jean-Claude Ndimumahoro v Burundi.pdf
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African Human Rights CLA 2.0

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Communication 474/14 - Family of the late Jean-Claude Ndimumahoro v. Burundi

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