5 12.2 The conditions to be observed shall be practical, precise and as few as possible, and be aimed at reducing the likelihood of an offender relapsing into criminal behaviour and of increasing the offender's chances of social integration, taking into account the needs of the victim. 12.3 At the beginning of the application of a non-custodial measure, the offender shall receive an explanation, orally and in writing, of the conditions governing the application of the measure, including the offender's obligations and rights. 12.4 The conditions may be modified by the competent authority under the established statutory provisions, in accordance with the progress made by the offender. 13. Treatment process 13.1 Within the framework of a given non-custodial measure, in appropriate cases, various schemes, such as case-work, group therapy, residential programmes and the specialized treatment of various categories of offenders, should be developed to meet the needs of offenders more effectively. 13.2 Treatment should be conducted by professionals who have suitable training and practical experience. 13.3 When it is decided that treatment is necessary, efforts should be made to understand the offender's background, personality, aptitude, intelligence, values and, especially, the circumstances leading to the commission of the offence. 13.4 The competent authority may involve the community and social support systems in the application of non-custodial measures. 13.5 Case-load assignments shall be maintained as far as practicable at a manageable level to ensure the effective implementation of treatment programmes. 13.6 For each offender, a case record shall be established and maintained by the competent authority. 14. Discipline and breach of conditions 14.1 A breach of the conditions to be observed by the offender may result in a modification or revocation of the non-custodial measure. 14.2 The modification or revocation of the non-custodial measure shall be made by the competent authority; this shall be done only after a careful examination of the facts adduced by both the supervising officer and the offender. 14.3 The failure of a non-custodial measure should not automatically lead to the imposition of a custodial measure. 14.4 In the event of a modification or revocation of the non-custodial measure, the competent authority shall attempt to establish a suitable alternative non-custodial measure. A sentence of imprisonment may be imposed only in the absence of other suitable alternatives. 14.5 The power to arrest and detain the offender under supervision in cases where there is a breach of the conditions shall be prescribed by law. 14.6 Upon modification or revocation of the non-custodial measure, the offender shall have the right to appeal to a judicial or other competent independent authority. VI. Staff 15. Recruitment