PULP MILLS (JUDGMENT)
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Water Quality). The Uruguayan Decree also establishes a total phosphorus discharge standard of 5 mg/L (Decree No. 253/79 Regulation of
Water Quality, Art. 11 (2)). The Orion (Botnia) mill must comply with
both standards.
243. The Court finds that based on the evidence before it, the Orion
(Botnia) mill has so far complied with the standard for total phosphorus
in effluent discharge. In this context, the Court notes that, for 2008
according to the EcoMetrix Third Monitoring Report, the Uruguayan
data recorded an average of 0.59 mg/L total phosphorus in effluent discharge from the plant. Moreover, according to the DINAMA 2009 Emissions Report, the effluent figures for November 2008 to May 2009 were
between 0.053 mg/L and 0.41 mg/L (e.g., DINAMA, “Six Month Report
on the Botnia Emission Control and Environmental Performance Plan
November 11, 2008 to May 31, 2009” (22 July 2009) p. 5 ; see also pp. 25
and 26). Argentina does not contest these figures which clearly show values much below the standard established under the Uruguayan Decree.
244. The Court observes in this connection that as early as 11 February 2005, DINAMA, in its environmental impact assessment for the
Orion (Botnia) mill, noted the heavy load of nutrients (phosphorus and
nitrogen) in the river and stated that :
“This situation has generated the frequent proliferation of algae,
in some cases with an important degree of toxicity as a result of the
proliferation of cyanobacteria. These proliferations, which in recent
years have shown an increase in both frequency and intensity, constitute a health risk and result in important economic losses since
they interfere with some uses of water, such as recreational activities
and the public supply of drinking water. To this already existing
situation it must be added that, in the future, the effluent in the plant
will emit a total of 200 t/a of N[itrogen] and 20 t/a of P[hosphorus],
values that are the approximate equivalent of the emission of the untreated sewage of a city of 65,000 people.” (P. 20, para. 6.1.)
245. The DINAMA Report then continues as follows :
“It is also understood that it is not appropriate to authorize any
waste disposal that would increase any of the parameters that present
critical values, even in cases in which the increase is considered insignificant by the company. Nevertheless, considering that the parameters in which the quality of water is compromised are not specific
to the effluents of this project, but rather would be affected by the
waste disposal of any industrial or domestic effluent under consideration, it is understood that the waste disposal proposed in the
project may be accepted, as long as there is compensation for any
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