The Court composed OUGUERGOUZ, NIYUNGEKO, ORE, El of: Sophia Vice-President; A. B. AKUFFO, Bernard M. President, Fatsah NGOEPE, Gérard Augustino S. L. Ramadhani, Elsie N. THOMPSON, Hadji GUISSE and Ben KIOKO, Judges; and Sylvain Robert ENO, Registrar. In accordance with Article 22 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“the Protocol”) and Rule 8(2) of the Rules of Court (‘the Rules”), Judge Duncan Tambala, Member of the Court and a national of Malawi, did not hear the application. The Parties 1. The Applicant, national. He Urban brings Mkandawire, this application is a to Congolese seek born redress Malawian following his dismissal as lecturer by the University of Malawi (the University’). 2. Tne Respondent is the Republic of Malawi. It has ratified the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (“the Charter’); it did so in 1989. Respondent is also a State Party to the Protocol, having ratified it on 9 September 2008. Respondent has also made a declaration in terms of Article 34(6) of the Protocol, accepting to be cited before this Court by an individual; the declaration was made on 9 October, 2008.