162
C. Whether the Prosecution has a Right to Disclosure of Defence Witness
Statements
39.
I respectfully agree with the decision of the Appeals Chamber on this point but
would add something on the reasoning out of the matter and the scope of the result.
40.
The provisions of theStatute of the Tribunal relating to evidence are sparse. That
suggests that there is room forfashioning the rest of the needed system under Article 15
of the Statute and Rules 54 and 89(B) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Barring
amendment of the Rules, how far can the Chambers now go?
41.
Rule 90(E) provides for a privilege against self-incrimination, and Rule 97
provides for a lawyer-client privilege7. It may be argued that, by implication, these
express provisions exclude what is called a litigation privilege, which would have the
effect of denying to the prosecution a right of access to defence witness statements. The
exclusion of that privilege would leave a Chamber free to order disclosure of such
statements in pursuit of its search for truth. But the sparsity of the provisions relating to
evidence counsels caution in adopting that approach.
42.
I do not think that protection from disclosure is provided by Rule 70(A), which
states:
Notwithstanding the provisions of Rules 66 and 67, reports, memoranda or other
internal documents prepared by a party, its assistants or representatives in connection
with the investigation or preparation of the case, are not subject to disclosure or
notification under those Rules.
It could be argued that the last phrase contemplated the pre-trial stage only; but I think
that a better view is that the provision (as set out in the scheme of the Tribunal’s Rules)
was seeking, in part, to cancel out the effect of previous provisions which themselves
assumed that, to the extent that such previous provisions did not control, “reports,
memoranda or other internal documents” would not be subject to disclosure at any stage
of the case. It would be odd if the protection afforded by Rule 70(A) was confined to the
pre-trial stage, with the material being open to disclosure at any stage thereafter. No
doubt, a similar provision is differently understood elsewhere. But it is good to recall
that the transposition of a municipal text to the international plane does not necessarily
take with it the technical environment in which the original text had its life. Otherwise,
7
The Rules are referred to as they then stood.
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