124
48 of the Report of the Secretary-General337 and statements made in the Security Council by
three of its fifteen Members to conclude that Article 5 of the Statute was to be interpreted as
requiring that all crimes against humanity be committed with a discriminatory intent. In the
Prosecution’s submission, these sources do not purport to reflect customary international
law and thus should not be given undue, authoritative weight in interpreting Article 5. 338 It
is the view of the Prosecution that Article 5 does not contain any ambiguity. Thus, to
accord weight to these sources to resolve an ambiguity which, in the Prosecution’s
submission, does not exist, would lead to considerable uncertainty with regard to the scope
and content of Article 5 of the Statute. 339
276.
The Prosecution submits that the rules of statutory interpretation also militate
against requiring a discriminatory intent for all crimes against humanity. If discriminatory
intent were required for all crimes against humanity, the Prosecution submits that this would
relegate the crime of “persecutions” under Article 5(h) to a residual provision and make
“other inhumane acts” in Article 5(i) redundant. The Prosecution submits that the Statute
should be interpreted in order to give proper effect to all of its provisions. 340
277.
Finally, the Prosecution submits that the requirement of discriminatory intent for all
crimes against humanity is inconsistent with the humanitarian object and purpose of the
Statute and international humanitarian law. The Prosecution argues that requiring a
discriminatory intent for all crimes against humanity would create a significant normative
lacuna by failing to protect civilian populations not encompassed by the listed grounds of
discrimination. 341
2. The Defence Case
278.
The Defence submits that the Trial Chamber’s decision that all crimes against
humanity require a discriminatory intent should be upheld.
337
The statement reads as follows: “Crimes against humanity refer to inhumane acts of a very serious nature
[…] committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against any civilian population on national, ethnic,
racial or religious grounds.”
338
Cross-Appellant’s Brief, paras. 5.7, 5.8; T. 162, 163 (20 April 1999).
339
Cross-Appellant’s Brief, paras. 5.20, 5.22.
340
Cross-Appellant’s Brief, para. 5.24; T. 165 (20 April 1999).
341
Cross-Appellant’s Brief, para. 5.26; T. 165 (20 April 1999).
Case No.: -94-1-A
15 July 1999