25. Concerning its personal jurisdiction, the Court notes that the Respondent State is a Party to the Protocol and deposited the Declaration prescribed under Article 34(6) of the Protocol, which enabled the Applicant to file this Application pursuant to Article 5(3) of the Protocol. Although the Respondent State, on 21 November 2019, withdrew its Declaration, the Court recalls that the withdrawal of the Declaration does not have any retroactive effect, and it also has no bearing on the matters pending prior to the deposit of the instrument of withdrawal of the Declaration, as is the case with the present Application.9 Accordingly, the Court finds that it has personal jurisdiction. 26. With regard to its temporal jurisdiction, the Court notes that the alleged violations were committed after the Respondent State became a Party to the Protocol on 10 February 2006. Notably, the Applicant was found guilty and sentenced to death by the High Court on 21 September 2007 and all domestic proceedings he complains of took place thereafter. Furthermore, the Court observes that the Applicant remains convicted on the basis of what he considers an unfair process. Therefore, it holds that the alleged violations can be considered to be continuing in nature.10 For these reasons, the Court finds that it has temporal jurisdiction to examine this Application. 27. As for its territorial jurisdiction, the Court notes that the violations alleged by the Applicant all happened within the territory of the Respondent State which is a party to the Protocol. In the circumstances, the Court finds that it has territorial jurisdiction. 28. In light of all of the above, the Court holds that it has jurisdiction to determine the present Application. 9 Ingabire Victoire Umuhoza v. Republic of Rwanda (jurisdiction) (3 June 2013) 1 AfCLR 540, § 67; Laurent Munyadilikirwa v. Republic of Rwanda, ACtHPR, Application No. 023/2015, Ruling of 2 December 2021 (jurisdiction and admissibility), § 10. 10 Norbert Zongo and Others v. Burkina Faso (preliminary objections) (21 June 2013) 1 AfCLR 197, §§ 71-77. 7

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