57. Article 56(1) of the Charter provides that Communications submitted to the Commission should ‘indicate their authors even if the latter requests anonymity.’ In the context of Article 56(1), “authors” could be victims and Complainants depending on how the Communication was filed. 58. In Malawi Africa Association et al. v Mauritania,7 the Commission interpreted the essence of the requirement under Article 56(1) of the Charter to require that “communications should indicate the names of the authors and not those of all the victims of the alleged violations.”8 59. Notwithstanding the above, this Communication identifies the name of the Complainant submitting the Communication, that is, the Ethiopian Human Rights Project, as well as the Complainant’s Legal Representatives, the IHRDA, and Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights, none of whom requested anonymity. 60. The Complainant, Ethiopian Human Rights Project, is an Ethiopian Non-Governmental Human Rights Organization based in Ethiopia that deals with the human rights situation in the country. The IHRDA is an NGO based in Banjul, The Gambia, and the Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights is based in the United States. While the locus standi of the latter NGO may be an issue, the Commission has adopted a comprehensive approach to locus standi, extending access to victims, non-victims, and NGOs. 61. In its jurisprudence, the Commission has shown that the authors of a Communication need not be citizens or residents of a State Party to the African Charter or located in any African Union Member State. This was the position in Maria Baes v. Zaire,9 where a Danish national submitted a Complaint on behalf of Dr. S.N Kandola of the University of Kinshasa in Zaire. Other examples include Annette Pagnoule (on behalf of Aboulaye Mazou) v Cameroon,10 submitted by Ms. Pagnoulle of Amnesty International and Curtis Francis Doebbler v Sudan,11 filed by an American citizen. Based on the foregoing, the issue of locus standi does not arise in this Communication. 62. The next question that comes to mind is whether the interpretation of Article 56(1) of the Charter also requires that victims be stricto sensu 7Communications No. 54/91-61/91-96/93-98/93-164/97_196/97-210/98 Malawi Africa Association et al v Mauritania 2000. 8 As above, para 79. 9 Communication 31/89 10 Communication 39/90 11 Communication 236/2000 ~9~ African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights 31 Bijilo Annex Layout, Kombo North District, West Coast Region, The Gambia, Phone: (220) 230 4361 Fax: (220) 441 05 04 Email: au-banjul@africa-union.org https:/achpr.au.int/