military police. They allege that this constitutes a prima facie violation of Article 7 (1) of the African Charter. 106. They further submit that the Respondent State also violated Section 25 of the South Sudan Penal Code, 2008 (on prohibition of initiation of criminal case based on acts done by person bound or justified by law) by allowing the perpetrators to open a fabricated case, based on unfounded allegations and state that the Constitution also provides that "no person shall be charged with any act or omission which did not constitute an offence at the time of its commission" (Article 19 (5) of the Constitution). They submit that the demolition of the house, the seizure of the passport and the travel restriction are arbitrary condemnation and punishment not authorized by law and not declared by the judiciary in a fair trial and therefore violates Article 7 (2) of the Charter. 107. They support their claims by referencing the Commission's Principles & Guidelines on a Fair Trial & Legal Assistance in Africa, which states that: "States must ensure, through adoption of national legislation, that in regard to human rights violations, which are matters of. .public concern, any :individual, group of individuals or nongovernmental organization is entitled to bring "an issue before judicial bodies for determination". "They aver that the torture, the abuse, the arbitrary arrests, the seizure of the 'passport, the restriction of the freedom of movement and the prevention of the cases from progressing to court for trial are a substantial denial of: 1- The right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty by a competent court; 2- The right to defense, including the right to be defended by counsel of their choice and; . ., . 3- The right to be tried within a reasonable time by an impartial court or tribunal. .\.l~; co, • Alleged violation of the right to freedom of Conscience and the right to freedom of association (Articles 8 and 10) 108. The Complainants aver that the Respondent State violates Article 136 (1) of the Constitution of South Sudan which states that" advocacy is an independent private legal profession", and thatitviolates the rights of Advocate John Gerry as a member of an independ;~nt Bar Assotiation by denying him due process of the law, because when the letter was sent by the Director of Public Prosecution on 4/11/2021 to the Bar Association concerning criminal proceedings against Advocate John Kiri under Section 48/223 of the Penal Code, the letter for the waiver of the immunity was granted under dilress, and unlawfully used against Advocate John Gerry, instead of the person of Advocate John Kiri. 77th Ordinary Session of the ACHPR 19

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