45 b) in administrative and judicial procedures where an individual’s rights and obligations are determined, a series of specific guarantees are applicable with regard to his right to defense for the protection of those rights; c) Mr. Ivcher’s was deprived of his nationality title arbitrarily. When the resolution that annulled this title was issued, Mr. Ivcher was never summonsed, he did not received any prior detailed communication on the matter being examined by the authorities, with information on the corresponding charges, he was not informed that the nationalization file had been mislaid, he was not asked to submit copies in order to reconstruct it, nor was he allowed to present witnesses to support his position; in brief, he was not allowed to exercise the right of defense; d) the act by which Mr. Ivcher was deprived of his nationality title was time-barred, because the corresponding resolution was issued when more than 13 years had elapsed since the title had been granted, even though Peruvian legislation establishes that the public administration’s authority to annul its resolutions extinguishes after six months, calculated from the time those resolutions are adopted; e) by modifying the composition of the courts of law (supra para. 76.n), the principle of the natural judge (juez natural) was also altered and judges of questionable independence and impartiality were appointed; f) the different actions that Mr. Ivcher filed in order to defend his rights were slow and ineffective, in contrast to the promptness and effectiveness with which the actions filed by the minority shareholders of the Company were processed; and g) the administrative act annulling Mr. Ivcher’s nationality title was issued by the Migration and Naturalization Directorate, a body that was incompetent to do this, because the nationality title had been issued by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru, and only the President of the Republic, as his superior in rank, was empowered to annul the said administrative act by a “supreme resolution”. The State’s arguments 99. Peru did not submit any arguments on this issue, since it did not appear before the Court in the case sub judice (supra para. 78). * * * Considerations of the Court 100. Article 8(1) and 8(2) of the American Convention establish that: 1. Every person reasonable time, by established by law, in against him or for the or and other nature. has the right to a hearing, with due guarantees and within a a competent, independent and impartial tribunal, previously the substantiation of any accusation of a criminal nature made determination of his rights and obligations of a civil, labor, fiscal