communications v. Mauritania Communications 54/91, 61/91, 96/93, 98/93, 164/97-196/97, 210/98. and
Jean Yokovi Degli on behalf of Corporal N. Bikagni, Union Interafricaine des Droits de l'Homme,
Commission International de Juristes v Togo Communications 83/92, 88/93, 91/93.
89 IT-96-21-A, 20 February 2001, Appeals Chamber; The Prosecutor v. Anto Furundzija (IT-95-17/1- T),
Trial Chamber II, Judgment, 10 December 1998 (121 ILR 218) 45, 47, 48, 49, 61, 316, 333, 334, 337, 340,
342, 402, 469.
90 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, O.A.S. Res. XXX, adopted by the Ninth
International Conference of American States (1948), reprinted in Basic Documents Pertaining to Human
Rights in the Inter-American System, OEA/Ser.L.V/II.82 doc.6 rev.1 at 17 (1992).
91 See generally, IACHR, Resolutions N? 3/84, 4/84 and 5/85, Cases N? 4563, 7848 and 8027, Paraguay,
published in Annual Report of the IACHR 1983-84, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.63, doc. 10, 24 Sept. 1984, at pp. 57,
62, 67 (addressing lack of access to judicial protection in proceedings involving expulsion of nationals;
linking right to freely enter and remain in one's own country under Article VIII of the Declaration to the rights
to a fair trial and due process under Articles XVIII and XXVI).
See also, Report N? 47/96, Case 11.436, Cuba, in Annual Report of the IACHR 1996, OEA/Ser.L/V/ II.95,
Doc. 7 rev., 14 March 1997, at para. 91, (citing Annual Report of the IACHR 1994, "Cuba", at p. 162, and
addressing failure of State to observe freedom of movement of nationals under Article II via denial of exit
permits from which no appeal is allowed). In the context of the American Convention, see generally,
IACHR, Resolution N? 30/81, Case 7378, Guatemala, in Annual Report of the IACHR 1980-81,
OEA/Ser.L/V/II.54, doc. 9 rev. 1, 16 Oct. 1981, p. 60, at 62 (addressing denial of right to judicial protection
in expulsion of foreigner absent any form of due process), Report N? 49/99, Case 11.610, Mexico, Annual
Report of the IACHR 1998, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.102, Doc. 6 rev., 16 April 1999, Vol. II; see also, Eur. Ct. H.R.,
Ashingdane Case, Ser. A No. 93 (1985) para. 55.
92 The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Ottawa, Canada, April 17, 1982. 107
93 See the African Commission's Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trial and Legal
Assistance in Africa, para C(d).
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