76.
In addition, the European Court of Human Rights has established the
following criteria for determining prohibited discrimination: (a) the facts
disclose differential treatment;
(b) the distinction does
not have
an
objective, i.e. it does not have an objective and reasonable justification; (c)
and there is no reasonable proportionality between the means employed
and the objective to be realized; (d) whether the situation of the Applicant
is sufficiently analogous to that of individuals who benefit from better
protection
of the
contested right.
(See the
cited case MARCKX
v.
BELGIUM, §49).
“77,
These criteria have also been adopted by other international judicial bodies
for the protection
Commission
in
of human
the
case
rights
(see,
KENNETH
for example,
GOOD
v.
the African
BOTSWANA,
Communication No. 313/05, § 219 and 224). The African Court in the cited
case “Ogiek”
concluded that a distinction or differentiated treatment
becomes discrimination, when it does not have an objective and reasonable
justification and is not proportional.
78.
The same criteria have been applied by this Court in determining prohibited
discrimination, as is clear from its extensive case law (See the cases, CVDD
y. COTE D'IVOIRE, Judgment No. ECW/CCJ/JUD/05/09, CCI LR 20042009, p. 325; WOMEN AGAINST VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION IN
SOCIETY (WAVES) & ANOR v. THE REPUBLIC OF SERRA LEONE,
Judgment No. ECW/CCJ/APP/JUD/37/19).
79.
In the instant case, it is necessary to verify whether the Applicant has been
treated differently on the grounds of her sex, which is unequal and
prohibited by Article 2 of the African Charter.
80.
It follows from the jurisprudence of this Court that an action based on
Article 2 of the African Charter on discrimination, in order to be successful,
20
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