MORICE v. FRANCE JUDGMENT 17 22. Governments shall recognize and respect that all communications and consultations between lawyers and their clients within their professional relationship are confidential.” 58. The Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE) has adopted two founding texts: the Code of Conduct for European Lawyers, which dates back to 28 October 1988 and has undergone a number of amendments, and the Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession, which was adopted on 24 November 2006. The Charter, which is not conceived as a code of conduct, contains a list of ten core principles common to the national and international rules regulating the legal profession. “(a) the independence of the lawyer, and the freedom of the lawyer to pursue the client’s case; (b) the right and duty of the lawyer to keep clients’ matters confidential and to respect professional secrecy; (c) avoidance of conflicts of interest, whether between different clients or between the client and the lawyer; (d) the dignity and honour of the legal profession, and the integrity and good repute of the individual lawyer; (e) loyalty to the client; (f) fair treatment of clients in relation to fees; (g) the lawyer’s professional competence; (h) respect towards professional colleagues; (i) respect for the rule of law and the fair administration of justice; and (j) the self-regulation of the legal profession.” 59. Lastly, there is a practical guide to the international principles concerning the independence and responsibility of judges, lawyers and prosecutors, produced by the International Commission of Jurists (initially in 2004, the most recent version being issued on 22 July 2009), which contains many significant and relevant international documents. D. Relations between judges and lawyers 60. The relevant passages of Opinion no. (2013) 16 on the relations between judges and lawyers, adopted by the Consultative Council of European Judges (CCJE) on 13-15 November 2013, read as follows. “6. Within the framework of their professional obligation to defend the rights and interests of their clients, lawyers must also play an essential role in the fair administration of justice. Paragraph 6 of the Commentary on the Charter of Core Principles of the European Legal Profession of the CCBE defines the lawyer’s role as follows: ‘The lawyer’s role, whether retained by an individual, a corporation or the state, is as the client’s trusted adviser and representative, as a professional respected