Articles 1 and 3 of the Convention against Discrimination in Education of 14 December 1960 provides in their relevant parts as follows: Article 1. “For the purposes of this Convention, the term ‘discrimination’ includes any distinction, exclusion, limitation or preference which, being based on race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, economic condition or birth, has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing equality of treatment in education and in particular: a) Of depriving any person or group of persons of access to education of any type or at any level; b) Of limiting any person or group of persons to education of an inferior standard; c) Subject to the provisions of Article 2 of this Convention, of establishing or maintaining separate educational systems or institutions for persons or groups of persons; or d) Of inflicting on any person or group of persons conditions which are incompatible with the dignity of man. Article 3 “In order to eliminate and prevent discrimination within the meaning of this Convention, the States Parties thereto undertake: a) To abrogate any statutory provisions and any administrative instructions and to discontinue any administrative practices which involve discrimination in education; b) To ensure, by legislation where necessary, that there is no discrimination in the admission of pupils to educational institutions. 23