57 Communication 236/2000, Curtis Doebbler v Sudan, para 37. See also Communication 225/98 Huri-Laws v Nigeria and UN Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment. 58 Communication 224/98- Media Rights Agenda v. Nigeria, (2000) ACHPR. para 71. 59 n 14 above para 57. 60 Ireland v UK (1978) ECHR (Series A) para 162. 61 Denmark vs. Greece. 62 Norway vs. Greece. 63 Sweden vs. Greece. 64 Netherlands vs. Greece. 65 The Greek Case (1969) Yearbook: Eur.Conv. on HR 12 page 186. 66 Ibid. 67 See generally, the Commission's analysis under Articles 2, 3, and 18(3) of the African Charter, and specifically paragraphs 131 to 136 outlining the testimonies of the Victims. 68 Communication 97/93- John K. Modise v. Botswana (2000) ACHPR,para 91. 69 Campbell and Cosans v UK (1982) ECHR, para 28. 70 Adopted by the African Commission during its 32nd Ordinary Session in 2002. 71 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, General Assembly resolution 48/104 of 20 December 1993, UN Doc. A/12175/48/104, 23 February 1994. 72 Velasquez Rodriguez v. Honduras (1938) IACtHR, para. 173. 73 The Respondent State Acceded to the Convention on 25 June 1986. 74 The Respondent State Egypt ratified the ICCPR on 14 January 1982. 75 See paragraphs 55 to 56 above. 76 Communication 313/05 - Kenneth Good v Republic of Botswana (ACHPR) para 169. 77 Communication 245/2002 - Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum v Zimbabwe. 78 See also the Recommendation on the Respect and Strengthening of the Independence of the Judiciary adopted by the African Commission during its 19th Session, which took place in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1996. This Recommendation calls upon States Parties to the African Charter, to meet certain minimum standards to guarantee the independence of judiciaries in the region, including inter alia; the recognition of universal principles of judicial independence; and urging governments to eliminate any legislation affecting judicial independence. 79 Ibid Section. 80 Ibid Section N(10)(a)(i). 81 Principles and Guidelines on Fair Trial, Section A 4(b). 82 Ibid Section A 4(1). 83 Ibid Section A(4)(g). 84 Ibid Section A(4)(a). 85 It explains the investigative procedures carried out by the PPO in paragraph 101 of this Communication. 86 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 20, Article 7 (Forty-fourth session, 1992), Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HR1/GEN/1/Rev.1 at 30 (1994). para 14. 87 See Ilhan V. Turkey (2000) EC-JR. para 92. 88 Labita v Italy (2000) ECHR. para. 131. 89 Timurtas v. Turkey (2001) 33 E.H.R.R. 6 EC-JR. para.89. 90 Assenov & Others v. Bulgaria (1998) ECHR. para 105. 91 Ibid Para 105. 92 Ibid Para 106. 93 Section A(4)(u.) 94 Adopted by General Assembly resolution 40/34 of 29 November 1985. 95 Para 5. 97 Article 19. 98 Article 19 of the ICCPR provides that "[e]veryone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice." 99 Adopted by the 8th Ordinary Session of the Assembly, held in Addis, Ethiopia, on 30 January 2007. 27