17 Bekos and Koutropoulos v. Greece (ECHR). 18 n 10 above. 19 Ibid para 62. 20 The Complainants cite Communication 104/94, 141/94, 145/95 Constitutional Rights Project and Others v Nigeria (1988) ACHPR, para 36, and Communication 212/98 Amnesty International v Zambia, para 79 to support their arguments. 21 The Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa was adopted on 13 September 2000, and came into force on 25 November 2005. 22 The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Communication No.: 2/2003 (2005). 23 See Note Verbale from the Respondent State of 31 October 2008 with attached discrepancies. 24 See generally, the Complainants' additional submissions on the Merits, paras 12 to 16, and the affidavits in the Merits submissions of the Complainants of three of the Victims contained in Annexure E: para 21, Second Victim, Abir Al-' Askari', paras 19-25, Third Victim, Shaimaa Abou Al-kheir's, & Para 17-19, Iman Taha Kamel, Fourth Victim. 25 Iman Taha Kamel, the Fourth Victim, the submissions of the Complainants on the Merits, Annexure E, para. 19. 26 n 21 above Article 1 (f). 27 Ibid. Article 1 (j). 28 CEDAW Article 1. 29 The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, General Recommendation No. 19 (1992), para. 6. 30 See paragraph 3 of this Communication. 31 n 24 above, (Nawal's Affidavit) para. 32 Ibid, para.6 33 Ibid. para. 9. 34 Ibid, para. 14. 35 Ibid. para. 15 & 16. 36 Ibid. ( Abir's Affidavit) para. 29. 37 Ibid. (Shaimaa's Affidavit) para. 13 38 Ibid ( Iman's affidavit). 39 Proposed Amendments to the Naturalization Provisions of the Constitution of Costa Rica, Advisory Opinion Oc-4/84, January 19, 1984, Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (Ser. A) No. 4 (1984) para 57. 40 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 18, Non-discrimination (Thirty-seventh session, 1989), Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/ Rev.1 at 26 (1994). Para 13. 41 Aida Seif el-Dawla was also participating in the demonstrations. 42 Annexure "G", "Translations of extracts of witnesses' statements made to the prosecutors and to Al-Nadim Center"- Statement of Rabab al-Mandy to Al-Nadeem Cente. 43 Dr Aida Serf el-Dawla is an Egyptian psychiatrist and a prominent human rights activist. 44 n 42 above, Statement of Aida Sell el-Dawla to Al-Nadeem Center. 45 Communication 74/92, Commission Nationale des Droits de l'Homme et des Libertés v. Chad (ACHPR). 46 Ibid., para. 20 47 n 8 above. Para 57 48 Maria da Penha v. Brazil (2001) IACHR para.56 49 See paragraph 96 above outlining the discrepancies. 50 The Complainants clarify these discrepancies in paragraph 104 above. 51 n 49 above, para. 57 52 The United Nations Committee on Civil and Political Rights 53 Communication 294/2004- Zimbabwe Lawyers for human Rights and the Institute for Human Rights and Development (on behalf of Andrew Barclay Meldrum) v Republic of Zimbabwe(ACHPR). 54 Ibid, para 96. 55 Ibid, para 99. 56 Communications 137/94, 139/94, 154/96 & 161/97- International Pen, Constitutional Rights Project, Interights on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jr. and Civil Liberties Organisation v. Nigeria (ACHPR). para. 79. 26