in social, economic and political structures and relationships in a manner that deals effectively with the factors which allow for torture and other ill-treatment. This transformation envisages processes with long-term and sustainable perspectives that are responsive to the multiple justice needs of victims and therefore restore human dignity. It requires broad interpretation of State Parties’ obligations to provide redress, including putting in place legal, administrative and institutional frameworks to give effect to the right to redress. 9. State Parties are required to ensure that victims of torture and other ill-treatment are able in law and in practice to claim redress by providing victims with access to effective remedies. This includes the adoption of relevant legislation and the establishment of judicial, quasi-judicial, administrative, traditional and other processes. These processes should adhere to standards of due process and comply with the measures and protections envisaged under Article 1 of the African Charter. 10. Reparation includes restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction - including the right to the truth, and guarantees of nonrepetition. The overarching goal of these forms of reparation is to provide healing for victims of torture and other ill-treatment. Healing entails making whole that which has been broken and wounded. It seeks to restore the dignity, humanity and trust violated by torture and other ill-treatment. It recognises and facilitates the journey of coming to terms with the torture and other ill-treatment and dealing with the consequences of trauma and other injuries. It has physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions and helps break the cycle of violence at individual, family, collective, institutional and societal levels. 11. The responses required to give effect to the rights and needs of individual victims and victimised communities to determine how best to realise the right to redress must be tailored to the specific contexts in Africa. These contexts include general policing, detention and imprisonment, post and on-going conflict situations, legacies of the colonial experience, and the fight against terrorism. 12. Responses are guided by the recognition that torture and other ill- 4