B. Alleged violations 5. The Applicants allege the following violations under the Charter: i. The obligation of States to recognize and implement the rights, duties, and freedoms enshrined in the Charter, as provided under Article 1 of the Charter; ii. The right to have one’s cause heard, including the right to appeal, presumption of innocence, legal defence, and trial within a reasonable time, as provided under Article 7 of the Charter; iii. The right to self-determination and to freely determine political status and economic, social, and cultural development, as protected under Article 20(1) of the Charter; iv. The right of colonized or oppressed peoples to free themselves from domination, as provided under Article 20(2) of the Charter; v. The right of oppressed peoples to receive assistance in their liberation struggle against foreign domination, as protected under Article 20(3) of the Charter. 6. The Applicants also allege the following violations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter referred to as “the ICCPR”) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereinafter referred to as “the ICESCR”): i. The right to self-determination, as protected under common Article 1 of the ICCPR and the ICESCR; ii. The obligation of States to adopt necessary legislative or other measures to give effect to recognized rights, as provided under Article 2(2) of the ICCPR and; iii. The right to an effective remedy for violations of fundamental rights, as provided under Article 3 of the ICCPR. 6