only 10 cases were brought to court resulting in Complaints submit that the highest actual convictions under the foregoing laws was according to them, represents a decrease in the marabouts as compared to past years. 5. nine convictions of marabouts. The duration of imprisonment for all one month imprisonment; which, severity of penalties imposed on the The Complainants also allege that the Respondent State’s Constitution (2001)° allows only specific individuals under specific mandates to bring cases and only to challenge the constitutionality of certain provisions of any law. And, as such, there is no actio popularis in the Respondent State’s legal system. Cases for vindication of human rights violations may only be brought to court by individuals who have been directly affected by a violation and any decision will provide remedy only for those litigants, or for those who are directly connected to the case or have ‘un interest et qualite pour agir’. 6. According to the Complainants, where a non-state agency wants to represent victims of violations of human rights, like the talibés in this matter, the consent of parents must first be obtained. The only other avenue to bring such a claim to court is to petition the Chief Prosecutor, whose decision is made discretionary and in consultation with the Minister responsible for justice. 7. In addition, the Complainants allege that the Respondent State has not provided minimum standards to regulate non-state schools and that it does not conduct inspections of the daaras to check if there are violations of the rights of the talibés attending schooling and living therein. 8. The Complainant allege further that the conditions in many daaras are deplorable; usually housed in unsafe and unhygienic structures where children sleep in overcrowded rooms or outside, with little or no access to clean water or sanitation. Talibés living in daaras rarely obtain enough food resulting in chronic malnourishment and frequently contract diseases where the marabouts do not provide the talibés with medical care or assistance. In some instances, according to the Complainants, the talibés are injured by speeding motor vehicles in the course of begging on the streets 9. The Complainants also allege that the talibés are required to bring a daily quota (in the form of rice, sugar or money) that they collected from begging in the streets to the daaras, failure to attain which results in beatings and punishments to defaulting talibés. On average, talibés spend between six and eight hours begging, which leaves them with less than five hours to spend on Quranic education per day. As result of their concentration on attaining their daily quotas, many talibés do not learn the Qur'an as it is contemplated. 10.Furthermore, the Complainants allege that the talibés are normally separated from living with their parents and are deprived of any contact with their families. The ° Articles 77 and 92 of the Constitution of Senegal (2001). 3

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